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InTheIdeaofPopularSchoolinginUpperCanadaAnthonyDiMascioanalyzesdebatesabouteducationintheburgeoningprintcultureofthelate-eighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies.Inithex18ndsthatawidespreadmovementforpopularschoolinginUpperCanadabeganinearnestfromthetimeofthecolonyx19sx18rstLoyalistsettlers.RevivingthevoicesofUpperCanadax19searliestschooladvocatesDiMasciorevealsthelivelypublicdiscussionabouttheneedforacommonsystemofschoolingforallthecolonyx19schildren.Despitedifferentandoftencontentiousopinionsonthemeansandendsofschoolingtherewaswidespreadagreementaboutitsneedbythe1830swhenthedebatewasnolongeraboutwhetherapopularsystemofschoolingwasdesirablebutaboutwhatkindsofschoolswouldbeestablished.ThemakingofeducationallegislationinUpperCanadawasaprocessinwhichmanyinhabitantsbothinsideandoutsideofgovernmentparticipated.TheIdeaofPopularSchoolinginUpperCanadaisthex18rstfullsurveyofschoolinginCanadatofocusonthepre-1840periodandhowitframedpolicydebatesthatcontinuetothepresentday.AnthonyDiMascioisassistantprofessorintheSchoolofEducationatBishopx19sUniversity.Itisdifx18culttoimaginehoworphanasylumsandchildrenx19shomesx13oftendepictedasplaceswhereabusedeprivationandcrueltywerecommonplacex13oncepresentedaviablesolutiontochildneglect.ReneLaffertyexaminesthisresponseasitplayedoutinHalifaxdemonstratinghowthesehomesreactedbothcreativelyandvaliantlytotheirenvironmentdespitechronicunderfundingandanarrowvisionofthepossibilitiesavailabletodisad-vantagedchildren.TheGuardianshipofBestIntereststracesthecreationandadministrationofchildrenx19shomesinHalifaxfromthemid-nineteenthcenturytotheirclosureinthemid-twentieth.Againstthebackdropofacitytornapartbyraceandreligiouspoliticsx18nancialchallengestwoworldwarsandthedevastatingexplosionof1917Halifaxinstitutionsfrequentlyrepresentedthemselvesasthecuttingedgeofprofessionalchildwelfaremethods.PlacingtheirhistoriesatthecoreofthisstudyLaffertychallengesthecommonassertionthatsuchhomeswerereadilyabandonedinfavourofthefostercaremethodpromotedbytheChildrenx19sAidSociety.Throughtheuniqueperspectivegainedbyconsideringinter-denominationalcompetitionalongwiththeeffectsofracismandthepoliticalposturingoftheprovincex19semergingwelfarebureaucracyTheGuardianshipofBestInterestsunearthsthesignix18cantsimilaritiesbetweenpastchildwelfarepracticesandourcurrentapproachestowardneglectanddependency.ReneLaffertyteachesintheCentreforCanadianStudiesandtheDepartmentofHistoryatBrockUniversity.30MQUPFALL2012SPECIFICATIONSSeptember2012978-0-7735-4046-032.95ACDNpaper978-0-7735-4045-395.00SCDN95.00SUS71.00cloth6x9248ppSIMULTANEOUSELECTRONICEDITIONAVAILABLESPECIFICATIONSMcGill-Queenx19sStudiesintheHistoryofReligionNovember2012978-0-7735-4055-295.00SCDN95.00SUS71.00cloth6x9384pp11bwphotos9tables1drawingSIMULTANEOUSELECTRONICEDITIONAVAILABLECANADIANHISTORYSOCIALWORKTheGuardianshipofBestInterestsInstitutionalCarefortheChildrenofthePoorinHalifax1850x131960renelaffertyAhistoryofcharitablechildrenx19shomesandemergentstate-centredchildwelfarepolicyinNovaScotiaEDUCATIONCANADIANHISTORYTheIdeaofPopularSchoolinginUpperCanadaPrintCulturePublicDiscourseandtheDemandforEducationanthonydimascioAstudyofthepopularmovementandpoliticalagitationforeducationalreforminUpperCanada.