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HowdoweacquireknowledgethroughasensoryinputfromourenvironmentInTheEnigmaofPerceptionD.L.C.Maclachlanrevivesthetraditionalcausalrepresentativetheoryofperceptionwhichdominatedphilosophicalthinkingforhundredsofyearsbyrevealingtheimportantelementoftruththetheorycontained.Thetraditionaltheorywasnotacompleteexplanationofperceptionbecauseitpresupposedacausalsystemincludingboththephysicalobjectsandthesubjectiveexperiences.Thepatternofinferencefromsensationstoexternalobjectswhichliesatitsheartisneverthelesslegitimatebecausetheassumptionsonwhichitdependsaregenerallyrecognizedastrue.Theemergingenigmaishowtoexplainthisoriginalknowledgeoftheworldonwhichthetraditionaltheorydepends.Thekeyideaisthatsenseexperienceisconstructedasaresponsetosensoryinputx13anactwhosepurposeistorepresentarealitybeyondthecognitivesubject.TheEnigmaofPerceptiondevelopsoriginalideastoexplainthisprocessindetailwithhelpfromnumerousphilosophersfromJohnLocketoDavidChalmers.D.L.C.MaclachlanisprofessoremeritusofphilosophyQueenx19sUniversityandtheauthorofPhilosophyofPerceptionandWhyConsciousnessisReality.Inmid-twentiethcenturyBritainfourintellectualsx13JulianHuxleyBertrandRussellMalcolmMuggeridgeandBarbaraWardx13heldswayoverpopularconceptionsofmorality.WhileHuxleyandRussellchampionedideasinformedbyagnosticismandatheismMuggeridgeandWardwereadherentstoChristianity.InContestingtheMoralHighGroundPaulPhillipsrevealshowthisfundamentaldichotomywasrepresentativeofBritishsocietyatthetimeandhowmanyoftheideologiespromotedbythesefourmoralistsarestillpresenttoday.Asworld-classpublicx1dguresinanopenforumofdebateHuxleyRussellMuggeridgeandWardallachievedconsiderablepublicattentionparticularlyduringtheturbulent1960s.Phillipscapturestherebelliousspiritofthetimedetailinghowthesethinkersexploitedthepopularmediatodisseminateideasonprevailingsocialissuesx13fromjusticeandworldpeacetoprotectionoftheenvironment.Phillipsskilfullytracesthefoundationsoftheirthoughttotheirearliercareersandsocialmovementsofpreviousgenerationsandshowshowmanyoftheirapproacheswereadoptedbyahostofpresent-daygroupsfromtheChristianRightandLefttotheNewAtheistsandenvironmentalists.Asignix1dcantcontributiontoBritishintellectualhistoryContestingtheMoralHighGroundprovidesnewinsightsintothemoralphilosophiesoffourofBritainx19smostinx1euentialmindsinthetwentiethcentury.PaulT.PhillipsisseniorresearchprofessorintheDepartmentofHistoryatStFrancisXavierUniversity.25MQUPSPRING2013SPECIFICATIONSMcGill-Queenx19sStudiesintheHistoryofReligionMay2013978-0-7735-4112-232.95ACDN32.95AUS21.99paper978-0-7735-4111-5100.00SCDN100.00SUS75.00cloth6x9248ppSimultaneouselectroniceditionavailableSPECIFICATIONSMcGill-Queenx19sStudiesintheHistoryofIdeasMay2013978-0-7735-4142-929.95ACDN29.95AUS19.99paper978-0-7735-4141-295.00SCDN95.00SUS71.00cloth6x9232ppSimultaneouselectroniceditionavailableTheEnigmaofPerceptiond.l.c.maclachlanAninnovativeexplorationofhowweacquireknowledgeandtheprincipleonwhichthattheorydepends.HISTORYRELIGIOUSPHILOSOPHYContestingtheMoralHighGroundPopularMoralistsinMid-Twentieth-CenturyBritainpault.phillipsHowfourofBritainx19sbest-knownthinkersinuencedthepublicconsciousnessonissuesfromGodtotheenvironment.PHILOSOPHY