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Global Networks and Local LinkagesThe Paradox of Cluster Development in an Open Economy |
An analysis of industry clusters across Canada in diverse regions and varied industries.
This volume presents the final case studies in the Innovation Systems Research Network's (ISRN) five-year investigation of twenty-six industry clusters across Canada. Contributors describe clusters in Toronto, Sudbury, and the Okanagan and in biotechnology, tool and die making, and mining services. They argue that in attempting to craft policies that help existing clusters adjust to differences in institutional linkages, knowledge dimensions, and cluster growth, policy makers must account for historically rooted institutional dynamics and the influence of regional culture.
Contributors, who are members of the ISRN, a national project funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, include Allison Bramwell (University of Toronto), John N. H. Britton (University of Toronto), Charles H.Davis (Ryerson University), Susan Fitzgibbon (Queen's University), Meric Gertler (University of Toronto), Caroline Hickton (Simon Fraser University), John Holmes (Queen's University), Astrid Jacobson (University of Calgary), Jeremy Karwandy (University of Saskatchewan), Cooper H. Langford (University of Calgary), Gerry Legare (University of Toronto), Nichola Lowe (University of North Carolina), Jen Nelles (University of Toronto), Tim Padmore (University of British Columbia), Julie Lynn Parchewski (University of Saskatchewan), Peter W.B. Phillips (University of Saskatchewan), Tara Procyshyn (University of Saskatchewan), David Robinson (Laurentian University), Tod Rutherford (Syracuse University), Camile D. Ryan (University of Saskatchewan), and Jaime Wood (University of Calgary).
Contributors, who are members of the ISRN, a national project funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, include Allison Bramwell (University of Toronto), John N. H. Britton (University of Toronto), Charles H.Davis (Ryerson University), Susan Fitzgibbon (Queen's University), Meric Gertler (University of Toronto), Caroline Hickton (Simon Fraser University), John Holmes (Queen's University), Astrid Jacobson (University of Calgary), Jeremy Karwandy (University of Saskatchewan), Cooper H. Langford (University of Calgary), Gerry Legare (University of Toronto), Nichola Lowe (University of North Carolina), Jen Nelles (University of Toronto), Tim Padmore (University of British Columbia), Julie Lynn Parchewski (University of Saskatchewan), Peter W.B. Phillips (University of Saskatchewan), Tara Procyshyn (University of Saskatchewan), David Robinson (Laurentian University), Tod Rutherford (Syracuse University), Camile D. Ryan (University of Saskatchewan), and Jaime Wood (University of Calgary).
Details
Part of the Queen's Policy Studies Series (number 100 in series)
360 Pages, 6 x 9
Queen's Policy Studies Series - School of Policy Studies
ISBN 9781553390473
May 2005
Formats: Paperback
David A. Wolfe is professor, political science, and co-director, Program on Globalization and Regional Innovation Systems, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto.
Matthew Lucas is a post-doctoral fellow and research associate, Program on Globalization and Regional Innovation Systems, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto.
Matthew Lucas is a post-doctoral fellow and research associate, Program on Globalization and Regional Innovation Systems, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto.
Global Networks and Local Linkages
David A. Wolfe
Table of Contents
Tables and Figures ix
1. Global Networks and Local Linkages: An Introduction
David A. Wolfe, Charles H. Davis and Matthew Lucas 1
2. Diversity and the Evolution of a Life-Science Innovation
System: The Toronto Region in Comparative Perspective
Nichola J. Lowe and Meric S. Gertler 25
3. Quantitative Analysis of Saskatoon’s Agricultural
Biotechnology Cluster: From Theory to Practice
Peter W.B. Phillips, Camille (Cami) D. Ryan, Jeremy Karwandy,
Tara L. Procyshyn and Julie L. Parchewski 57
4. The Okanagan Winemaking Cluster
Caroline Hickton and Timothy Padmore 83
5. Innovation in the Automotive Tool, Die and Mould
Industry: A Case Study of the Windsor-Essex Region
John Holmes, Tod Rutherford and Susan Fitzgibbon 119
6. Sudbury’s Mining Supply and Service Industry: From a
Cluster “In Itself” to a Cluster “For Itself”
David Robinson 155
7. Cluster Evolution: The Relevance of Path Dependence
for Toronto’s Multimedia Cluster
John N.H. Britton and Gerry Legare 177
8. The Evolution and Structure of the Vancouver Wireless
Cluster: Growth and Loss of Core Firms
Cooper H. Langford, Jaime R. Wood and Astrid Jacobson 207
9. History, Culture and Path Dependency: Origins of the
Waterloo ICT Cluster
Jen Nelles, Allison Bramwell and David A. Wolfe 227
Contributors 253
TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES
Saskatchewan’s Performance in Biotech in Canada (2001) 64
Distribution of Actors by Decade of Establishment 66
Cluster Function and Characterization 70
Core Actors in Saskatoon’s Agricultural Biotechnology Cluster 71
Organizational Breakdown within the Region 71
Partial Density by Function 73
Centrality of Core Actors by Functional Linkage 73
Functional Connections to Innovative and Non-Innovative Firms 75
Distribution of Wineries Interviewed 85
Medals and Awards for British Columbia Wines 88
Distribution of Innovations by Type and Degree of Originality 90
Linkages from Firms to Infrastructure Organizations 95
Mini-clusters Suggested by Linkage Patterns 100
Network Characteristics and Innovation 103
Mix of Beverage Types in Two Urban Centres 109
Establishments Related to the Automotive Industry: Windsor-Essex
County, 2003 122
Date of Establishment of Tool and Die and Industrial Mould-makers
Present in Windsor-Essex, 2003 132
Percentage Sales by Type and Destination 164
Community College and University Multimedia Programs, Toronto 187
Employment Size Distribution of Toronto Multimedia Firms, 2004 190
Activity Structure of Toronto Multimedia Firms, 2004 191
Diversity of Activity in Vancouver Wireless Firms 214
FIGURES
Cluster Life Cycle
Cluster Typology 12
Life-Science Venture Capital for Montreal and Toronto, 1998-2003 35
Distribution of Target Population by Actor in the Saskatoon Cluster 65
Distribution of Innovative Firms 68
Geographical Display of Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Linkages 99
Geographical Display of Knowledge Linkages to Grape Suppliers 106
Distribution of Wine Sales in British Columbia, 2001/02 108
Destination of British Columbia VQA Wine Sales 111
Firms Spun-off from International Tool Ltd. Prior to 1990 132
Concentration Ratios, Size and Growth (Vancouver, Toronto and Sudbury) 157
Ontario’s Two Mining-Related Clusters 158
Ages of Surviving Firms in the Sudbury MS&S Cluster 160
Inside the Gates and Outside the Region Supply, 1960 161
In-house Production Declines and Local Suppliers Increase in Number,
1980 161
Local Suppliers Establish Branches and Affiliations Outside the Region,
1990 162
Government and Research Facilities Become Significant, High-tech
Suppliers Emerge, 2002 162
Subsectors in the Sudbury Mining Supply Cluster 164
Toronto Region: Number Employed in Individual Multimedia
Businesses, 2004 188
Toronto - Central Area: Number Employed in Individual Multimedia
Businesses, 2004 189
The Wireless Supply Chain 209
Location of Inventors Cited in Patents by Vancouver Inventors
Assigned to the Representative Firms 216
Location of Assignee Firms of Patents Later Cited by Vancouver Inventors 217
David A. Wolfe
Table of Contents
Tables and Figures ix
1. Global Networks and Local Linkages: An Introduction
David A. Wolfe, Charles H. Davis and Matthew Lucas 1
2. Diversity and the Evolution of a Life-Science Innovation
System: The Toronto Region in Comparative Perspective
Nichola J. Lowe and Meric S. Gertler 25
3. Quantitative Analysis of Saskatoon’s Agricultural
Biotechnology Cluster: From Theory to Practice
Peter W.B. Phillips, Camille (Cami) D. Ryan, Jeremy Karwandy,
Tara L. Procyshyn and Julie L. Parchewski 57
4. The Okanagan Winemaking Cluster
Caroline Hickton and Timothy Padmore 83
5. Innovation in the Automotive Tool, Die and Mould
Industry: A Case Study of the Windsor-Essex Region
John Holmes, Tod Rutherford and Susan Fitzgibbon 119
6. Sudbury’s Mining Supply and Service Industry: From a
Cluster “In Itself” to a Cluster “For Itself”
David Robinson 155
7. Cluster Evolution: The Relevance of Path Dependence
for Toronto’s Multimedia Cluster
John N.H. Britton and Gerry Legare 177
8. The Evolution and Structure of the Vancouver Wireless
Cluster: Growth and Loss of Core Firms
Cooper H. Langford, Jaime R. Wood and Astrid Jacobson 207
9. History, Culture and Path Dependency: Origins of the
Waterloo ICT Cluster
Jen Nelles, Allison Bramwell and David A. Wolfe 227
Contributors 253
TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES
Saskatchewan’s Performance in Biotech in Canada (2001) 64
Distribution of Actors by Decade of Establishment 66
Cluster Function and Characterization 70
Core Actors in Saskatoon’s Agricultural Biotechnology Cluster 71
Organizational Breakdown within the Region 71
Partial Density by Function 73
Centrality of Core Actors by Functional Linkage 73
Functional Connections to Innovative and Non-Innovative Firms 75
Distribution of Wineries Interviewed 85
Medals and Awards for British Columbia Wines 88
Distribution of Innovations by Type and Degree of Originality 90
Linkages from Firms to Infrastructure Organizations 95
Mini-clusters Suggested by Linkage Patterns 100
Network Characteristics and Innovation 103
Mix of Beverage Types in Two Urban Centres 109
Establishments Related to the Automotive Industry: Windsor-Essex
County, 2003 122
Date of Establishment of Tool and Die and Industrial Mould-makers
Present in Windsor-Essex, 2003 132
Percentage Sales by Type and Destination 164
Community College and University Multimedia Programs, Toronto 187
Employment Size Distribution of Toronto Multimedia Firms, 2004 190
Activity Structure of Toronto Multimedia Firms, 2004 191
Diversity of Activity in Vancouver Wireless Firms 214
FIGURES
Cluster Life Cycle
Cluster Typology 12
Life-Science Venture Capital for Montreal and Toronto, 1998-2003 35
Distribution of Target Population by Actor in the Saskatoon Cluster 65
Distribution of Innovative Firms 68
Geographical Display of Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Linkages 99
Geographical Display of Knowledge Linkages to Grape Suppliers 106
Distribution of Wine Sales in British Columbia, 2001/02 108
Destination of British Columbia VQA Wine Sales 111
Firms Spun-off from International Tool Ltd. Prior to 1990 132
Concentration Ratios, Size and Growth (Vancouver, Toronto and Sudbury) 157
Ontario’s Two Mining-Related Clusters 158
Ages of Surviving Firms in the Sudbury MS&S Cluster 160
Inside the Gates and Outside the Region Supply, 1960 161
In-house Production Declines and Local Suppliers Increase in Number,
1980 161
Local Suppliers Establish Branches and Affiliations Outside the Region,
1990 162
Government and Research Facilities Become Significant, High-tech
Suppliers Emerge, 2002 162
Subsectors in the Sudbury Mining Supply Cluster 164
Toronto Region: Number Employed in Individual Multimedia
Businesses, 2004 188
Toronto - Central Area: Number Employed in Individual Multimedia
Businesses, 2004 189
The Wireless Supply Chain 209
Location of Inventors Cited in Patents by Vancouver Inventors
Assigned to the Representative Firms 216
Location of Assignee Firms of Patents Later Cited by Vancouver Inventors 217
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