The definitive history of Canada’s Black Watch Regiment, whose legendary status was forged in battle across three centuries.
In three volumes spanning centuries, Lieutenant Colonel Roman Jarymowycz recounts the story of the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada, the oldest Highland regiment in the country. He traces its history from the roots, when soldiers, settlers, and militia volunteers rallied to defend the southern borders of their adopted country against invasion from the United States. Drawing on diaries, letters, classified documents, and the regimental archive, Jarymowycz weaves the strands of a complex story into an epic narrative of a resolute collective of officers and men.
Since its birth in 1862 as the 5th Battalion, Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada, thousands of citizens have served in the unit. In addition to securing Canada’s borders, Black Watch soldiers have fought in the South African War, both world wars, and the Korean War. They have bolstered NATO operations and United Nations peacekeeping missions, and they provided aid to the civil power during the 1997 Quebec and Eastern Ontario ice storm disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Montreal-based battalion continues to serve Canada in its traditional role as a reserve infantry unit, and to this day, Black Watch soldiers frequently deploy on dangerous missions abroad.
In volume 1, readers will learn of the Black Watch’s origins; its first foreign enterprise, the South African War; and a detailed account of the Great War, where the regiment evolved from the 5th Royal Highlanders to become the Canadian Black Watch, as they were known throughout the empire. The Montreal regiment trained four battalions for overseas duty, three of which participated in the greatest battles of the First World War, an unprecedented accomplishment. This volume not only offers a critical analysis of campaigns, key actions, and tactical evolution, but also includes an intimate and compelling account of the sacrifices that forged this extraordinary regiment.
This monumental history of Canada’s oldest Highland regiment is at once a record of Scottish heritage, a portrait of Montreal rising as an industrial giant, and an examination of the emergence of a military culture from the Western Front.
Details
494 Pages, 8.5 x 11
219 illustrations, 15 maps, full colour
ISBN 9780228017103
May 2023
Formats: Cloth, eBook
Roman Johann Jarymowycz (1945-2017) was a decorated Canadian soldier-scholar, military historian, mentor, and educator. Born in Vienna, he lived most of his life in Montreal.
Foreword | ix
List of Appendices | xix
List of Maps | xix
Acknowledgements | xxi
Note on Military Ranks | xxiii
Part I: The Origins of Montreal’s Highland Regiment 1759-1914
Chapter 1
The Scottish Military Tradition in Quebec | 3
The First Scottish Colonies - Quebec City and Tadoussac | 4
Scottish Seigneuries Near Quebec and Montreal | 6
Highlanders and Orkneymen: Scottish Commerce and Martial Style | 7
The Quebec Militia 1763-1812 | 8
The War of 1812 - First Scottish Militia Companies | 10
Battle of Châteauguay 1813, First Battle Honour | 11
The Highland Rifle Company and The Montreal Light Infantry | 13
Act of Union 1840 - Militia Reorganization | 15
The 1855 Militia Act and The Highland Rifle Company | 15
Chapter 2
The 5th Battalion, The Royal Light Infa ntry of Montreal | 19
1862 - Lieutenant Colonel Routh Raises The Royals | 19
The First Regimental Colours, 11 October 1862 | 21
The US Civil War and Fenian Terrorists: 1864-1870 | 22
More Fenians: 1870 | 24
The First Dominion Militia Act, 22 May 1868 | 26
Vengeance and Regimental Reorganization: 1871-1875 | 26
A Scottish Rifle Corps | 27
Chapter 3
From Shako to Glengarry - Becoming Highland | 31
The Royal Scots of Canada, 1884 | 33
The Black Watch Tartan | 34
Regimental Commanders During Transition: 1875-1890 | 34
Lieutenant Colonel EAC Campbell, 1882-84 | 35
Lieutenant Colonel Frank Caverhill, 1884-91 - “Greatly Beloved” | 35
The Strathy Affair - Lieutenant Colonel JAL Strathy, 1893-97 | 36
The Strathy Cup | 38
The Court of Inquiry, March - April 1897 | 40
Chapter 4
The 5th Royal Scots - A Robust Highland Regiment | 43
The New Guard 1897 - Lieutenant Colonel EB Ibbotson, 1897-1901 | 43
International Triumph: Portland 1898 | 44
South Africa 1900: The Second Battle Honour | 45
The Quest for “Highland Status” | 46
Aid to the Civil Power: Valleyfield, October 1900 | 47
Lieutenant Colonel Carson’s Burgeoning Battalions | 48
Borden: The First Militia Council | 49
The Armoury Realized 1906: 5th Regiment
Royal Highlanders of Canada (RHC) | 50
Lieutenant Colonel Carson vs The Minister of Militia and Defence | 51
Chapter 5
Strikers, Riots and Aid to the Civil Power - 1864 to 1903 | 55
Splendid Field Trips: From St Helen’s Island to New York, 1878-1909 | 57
Grand Parades: 1909 Tercentenaries | 57
Affiliation with The Imperial Black Watch | 58
The Pipes, The Pipes | 61
Regimental Dress: Highlander’s Toil | 62
Chapter 6
Training the Regiment 1862-1914 | 65
Lieutenant Colonel George Stephen Cantlie, 1910-51 | 65
Preparation: The Black Watch’s Rose | 66
The 1912 Colours: Fletcher’s Field | 67
Training for War: A Changing Militia, 1862-1914 | 68
The Cheese Factory: Getting Ready for the Kaiser | 70
Notes to Part I | 73
Part I -Illustrations | 89
Part II: The Royal Highlanders in The Great War 1914-1919
Chapter 7
Rushing to France | 125
Montreal - a Battalion Factory | 126
The First Contingent: Raising a Fighting Battalion - The 13th as RHC | 127
Mobilization Schemes and the Second Contingent - The 42nd Battalion RHC | 128
The 73rd Battalion RHC | 130
The 13th Battalion in England | 131
A Division for War | 136
Chapter 8
Ypres - The 13th Battalion RHC | 139
The Second Battle of Ypres, April 1915: Empire Recognition | 139
The Horrid Cloud | 144
Norsworthy’s Supports - First Contact with the German Army | 145
Afternoon 22 April: A Threatened Garrison - An Isolated Front Line | 146
McCuaig Defends the Flank: 22 April | 148
Fred Fisher Saves 10th Field Battery: Afternoon 22 April | 149
The Apex - Morning, 23 April | 151
“About Turn!” The Deteriorating Apex: 9 am to Midnight, 23 April | 152
A New Line and Gas Attack - Dawn 24 April | 155
Bloody Withdrawal: 24-26 April | 156
The Cost of Battle | 157
L’Envoi | 159
Chapter 9
From Mount Sorrel to the Somme - an Annus Horribilis | 161
The 13th and 42nd Battalions Royal Highlanders of Canada in France | 163
George Cantlie and the 42nd | 165
Tartan Envy | 167
The New Corps, a New Division, a New Brigade | 169
Mount Sorrel - The June Show | 170
The 13th Battalion Captures Observatory Ridge | 173
Tactical Revolution: The Belgian Rattlesnake | 175
The Somme Battles September-October 1916 | 177
The 42nd Attacks Fabeck Graben and Regina Trench, 15-17 September 1916 | 178
13th RHC at Regina Trench - 8 October 1916 | 181
Somme Epilogue | 183
Chapter 10
Vimy and Passchendaele | 185
Red Hackles and Balmorals - November 1916 and November 1917 | 186
The Lice That Live in the Folds of the Earth | 187
Commanding the Infantry Battalion | 188
Vimy Ridge 9 April 1917 | 189
73rd RHC in the Great Raid | 191
Rehearsals and Tunnels at Vimy | 192
The Vimy Assault 9 April 1917 | 193
Major Norsworthy Protects the Division Flank: The 42nd at Hill 145 | 196
73rd Battalion is Let Go - Conscription’s Victim | 197
Currie Becomes Corps Commander - Hill 70 15-17 August | 197
Back to Ypres: Passchendaele October 1917 | 199
The 42nd RHC: The Capture and Defence of Graf House - 3 November 1917 | 199
Chapter 11
The Black Watch and The Hundred Days - August to November 1918 | 203
Raids | 203
Regimental Life | 205
The Hundred Days: 8 August - 11 November 1918 | 207
The Battle of Arras - to the DQ Line 27-28 August 1918 | 210
Battle of the Drocourt-Quéant Line 2 September - 4 September 1918 | 211
The Canal du Nord and Cambrai: Breaking the Marcoing Line 27 September - 2 October 1918 | 212
13th Battalion Crosses the Canal | 213
Marcoing Line 29 September: Ewing vs. the Brigadier | 214
13th Battalion Crashes Through: Blécourt, 1 October 1918 | 218
Post Mortems | 219
Chapter 12
The Influence of The Great War | 223
Mons to Germany - The Black Watch Ends The Great War | 223
Battalion Colours - Earned in Battle | 225
The 20th Reserve Battalion, RHC - a Unique Entity | 226
Rococo War Diaries and Talented Men | 228
The Esprit de Corps - From Beer to Red Hackle | 231
The Canadian Corps and The Black Watch | 233
Seven Black Watch Units: Statistics 1914-1919 | 234
Goodbye to All That | 235
Notes to Part II | 239
Part II - Illustrations | 253
Part II - Maps | 299
Part III: The Black Watch between the Wars 1919-1939
Chapter 13
After The Great War 1919-1939 | 313
“The Royal Highlanders of Canada” 1920 - Post War Regimental Reorganization | 314
Remembrance: The 42nd Window and War Memorials in Verdun and Montreal 1921 and 1924 | 317
The Verdun and Montreal Memorials | 318
Chapter 14
Training the Post War Militia - Budgets and Summer Camps | 319
The International Highlanders: American Excursions | 322
The Silver Inkstand: A Mysterious Legacy | 324
Mystery Unsolved - Major William Gordon Peterson | 325
Regimental Writings | 327
Chapter 15
The Canadian Black Watch: New Titles and New Colours - 1931-1935 | 329
The Canadian Black Watch, 1930 | 330
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada, 1935 | 332
The Red Hackle and the Pre War RHC | 333
The Regimental Church | 333
Colours for the 2nd Battalion RHC | 335
An Order of Divine Service: Laying Up the Old Colours, 1932 | 336
Chapter 16
Regimental Cadet Corps 1890-1936 | 339
The Montreal Highland Cadet Corps | 339
Bishop’s College School - Almost a Regimental Depot | 342
The Other “Regimental” Schools | 343
Chapter 17
A Social and City Regiment - Inter-War Activities | 345
Exotic Guests: Prince Takamatsu and Montagu Allan | 346
Exotic Highland Guests: The Duke of Montrose | 347
Adding to Deserved Glory: Black Watch VCs | 348
Colonel Arthur Lennox Mills, a Brief Tour 1931-32 | 348
Victoria Cross Tablets and Lieutenant Colonel WS MacTier | 349
Fleming and the Imperials | 349
The Cantlie Dinner 1935 - A Half Century and A Regimental Centennial | 351
Chapter 18
Sports and Military Diversions - Dealing with the Great Depression | 353
The Social Whirl: Polo at Saraguay | 354
Black Watch Associations - Toronto and Montreal | 355
Dress Regulations: Red Hackle and Stewart Tartan | 355
Camps and Militia Duty | 356
Chapter 19
The Last Days Before the Second World War | 359
Sergeant, Colonel, Bert Howard, 1936 | 360
Militia Patchwork 1936-38 | 360
Blackader Hosts a Last Reunion Dinner | 362
The King and the Colonel-in-Chief Visit | 362
The Regiment’s Organization and Structure circa 1939 | 363
Coda - The Black Watch Between Two Wars … | 364
Notes to Part III | 367
Appendices | 373
Index | 447
Appendices
Appendix A - The Battle Honours of the Regiment | 373
Appendix B - Honorary Colonels of the Regiment | 374
Appendix C - Lineage of the Black Watch (RHR) of Canada 1812-2022 | 376
Appendix D - Commanding Officers 1812-2022 | 379
Appendix E - Regimental Sergeants Major 1875-1953 | Regimental Pipe Majors 1876-1953 | Sergeants Major 1864-1915 | 386
Appendix F - The Black Watch Regimental Colours: 1862-2009 | 388
Appendix G - Honours and Awards | 397
Appendix H - The Great War | 412
Appendix I - Black Watch Rifle Company and Platoon Formations | 414
Appendix J - Regimental Homes 1862 to Present Day | 417
Appendix K - Inside the Black Watch Armoury Today | 424
List of Maps
The Global Black Watch RHC 1900-2022 | 300
Ypres Front April 1915 | 301
The First German Gas Attack, Ypres, 22 April 1915 | 302
The Second German Gas Attack, Ypres, 24 April 1915 | 303
The June Show, Mount Sorrel, 2 June 1916 | 304
The June Show, Mount Sorrel, 3 June 1916 | 305
The June Show, Mount Sorrel, 13 June 1916 | 306
The Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9-12 April 1917 | 307
The Hundred Days: Allied Operational Art, August to November 1918 | 308
The Hundred Days: Canadian Operational Art, August to November 1918 | 308
The Battle of Amiens, 8-18 August 1918 | 309
Attacking the Hindenburg and Drocourt-Quéant Lines, 26 August to 5 September 1918 | 309
Canal du Nord and Cambrai, 27 September to 11 October 1918 | 310
13 RHC Crossing Canal du Nord 27 September 1918 | 310
Black Watch Battles, 1915-1918 | 413
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