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WhydidCanadarefuseentrytoJewishimmigrantsandrefugeesinthe1930sand1940sAnsweringthisquestionrequiresadeeperunderstandingoftheattitudesideasandinformationthatcirculatedinCanadiansocietyduringthisperiod.HowmuchdidCanadiansknowatthetimeaboutthehorrorsunfoldingagainsttheJewsofEuropeWheredidtheirinformationcomefromAndhowdidtheyrespondonbothpublicandinstitutionallevelstotheeventsthatmarkedHitlerx19smarchtopowerthe1935NurembergRaceLawsthe1936OlympicsKristallnachtandthecrisisoftheMSStLouisThecontributorstothiscollectionx13scholarsofinternationalreputex13turntothewiderpublicsphereforanswerstothemediatheworldofliteraturetheuniversitycampustherealmofinternationalsportandnetworksofcommunityactivism.Theirx1fndingsrevealthatthepersecutionsandatrocitiestakingplaceinNaziGermanyinspiredarangeofresponsesfromordinaryCanadiansfromindifferencetooutragetoquietacquiescence.Itischallengingtorecreatethemindsetofmorethanseventyyearsago.Yetthiscollectiontakesupthatchallengediggingdeeperintoarchivesrecordsandtestimoniesthatcanofferfreshinterpretationsofthisdarkperiod.Theanswertothequestionx1cwhyx1dbeginshere.Foracompletelistofcontributorspleasevisitmqup.ca.RuthKleinisexecutivedirectorNationalTaskForceonHolocaustEducationRemembranceandResearchandnationaldirectorLeagueforHumanRightsofBx19naiBrithCanada.IthasgenerallybeenassumedthatthepoliticalandsocialideasofearlyUpperCanadiansrestedx1frmlyonvenerationofeighteenth-centuryBritishconservativevaluesandunequivocalrejectionofallthingsAmerican.ElizabethJaneErringtonx19sexaminationoftheattitudesandbeliefsoftheUpperCanadianelitebetween1784and1828asseenthroughtheirprivatepaperspublicrecordsandthenewspapersofthetimesuggeststhatthisviewisfartoosimplistic.ErringtonarguesthatinordertoappreciatetheevolutionofUpperCanadianbeliefsparticularlythedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyitisnecessarytounderstandthevariousandchangingperceptionsoftheUnitedStatesandofGreatBritainheldbydifferentgroupsofcolonialleaders.Colonialideologyinevitablyevolvedinresponsetochangingdomesticcircumstancesandtothecolonistsx19knowledgeofalteringworldaffairs.Itisclearhoweverthatfromthearrivalofthex1frstloyalistsin1748tothepassageoftheNaturalizationBillin1828theattitudesandbeliefsoftheUpperCanadianelitereectthefactthatthecolonywasaBritish-Americancommunity.ErringtonrevealsthatUpperCanadawasneverasanti-AmericanaspopularloresuggestseveninthemidstoftheWarof1812.ElizabethJaneErringtonisprofessorofhistoryatRoyalMilitaryCollegeandQueenx19sUniversity.34MQUPSPRING2012JEWISHSTUDIESCANADIANHISTORYSPECIFICATIONSMay2012978-0-7735-4018-729.95TCDNpaper978-0-7735-4017-095.00SCDN95.00SUS62.00cloth6x9336ppNaziGermanyCanadianResponsesConfrontingAntisemitismintheShadowofWareditedbyruthkleinExploringthenatureofCanadax19sresponsetotheplightofEuropeanJewsseekingrefugeandtoanti-JewishdiscriminationinCanada.CANADIANHISTORYSPECIFICATIONSApril2012978-0-7735-4026-232.95ACDN32.95AUS23.99paper6x9288ppneweditionTheLionTheEagleandUpperCanadaADevelopingColonialIdeologySecondEditionelizabethjaneerringtonWithanewintroductionbytheauthorHowanearlyCanadianidentitycametobe.